Essay on Project Management of Silver Fiddle Construction

Question: Examine about the Project Management - Silver Fiddle Construction. Answer: Dangers related with the Project Like the case in any business, people are an improvement affiliation's most conspicuous resource. Advancement tasks depend on upon the learning and aptitudes of people organizing what's more, executing the work. The idea of this most crucial resource: people, is what remembers one gathering or association from another. Having talented organization set up to oversee and facilitate tasks is basic (Aminbakhsh, Gunduz and Sonmez 2013). Plainly, having an adequate number of skilled additionally, incompetent masters to play out the work is a revealed need. Finding and selecting satisfactory amounts of talented, gifted people is getting the chance to grow irksome. There are a couple of components adding to this issue. Advancement is normally observed as being one of the smallest appealing business endeavors in which to work. Diagrams among the nation's youth show improvement at the base of the summary of purposes for living that they would enter. Improvement essentially is perilous, muddled, difficult work. Distinctive business adventures or reasons for living offer supported working environments that are all the more perfect, progressively secure, and generally increasingly appealing (Banaitiene and Banaitis 2012). The unavoidable improvement of advancement and the related business adventures that have taken after are pulling in the juvenile a long way from regular business adventures. Consequently, there is an extraordinary insufficiency of splendid, talented people ready to work being developed. There are continuing on individuals making a liberal duty toward keeping the business moving and making. There are regardless, bothers required with using an outside workforce, to be explicit tongue and social deterrents (Dainty and Loosemore 2013). The evident issues in correspondence can incite perplexity that can hamper effectiveness and coordination. The lingo deterrent in like manner powers additional security threats. Authority must be raised from among the masters to help in suitably sorting out work practices by giving the correspondence join among organization and work groups. This allows to upward flexibility and offers impelled individuals the chance to advance expertly (Harris and McCaffer 2013). Fortifying prompts raised measures of obligation, energy, self-motivation, gainfulness, and headway. Favorable circumstances to the laborer consolidate assessments of thankfulness, having a spot, and expanded confidence. Reinforcing enables laborers to choose decisions for which they are dependable and careful. Examination shows the degree of reinforcing impacts gainfulness. A strange condition of fortifying yields correspondingly higher benefit (Kelly, Male and Graham 2014). Fortifying of the workforce is one of the keys to upgrading advancement execution. There are a few dangers related with this task. These are follows: Fund Finance is perhaps the biggest danger of any enormous developments venture that must be helped out through an extensive stretch of time. The two principle money related dangers are coming up short on assets and end of agreement by the support. By and large, in long haul development extends, a few additional costs are experienced because of a few reasons. These reasons incorporate additional work for certain alterations inside the plan, harm of the structure during the general development procedure and others (Osipova and Eriksson 2013). For the subsequent issues, once in a while, the supporters lose enthusiasm for the extend or get discontent with the advancement of the task. Hence, they end their agreement and move away. Because of this, the money related part of the organization is managed a tremendous blow. Legitimate Issues Another significant issue for the undertaking is lawful issue. There are a few cases from which legitimate issues emerge. These are as per the following: Land Dispute There might be for quite some time drawn question going on over the responsibility for land that may make the task stop because of court orders. For this situation, the undertaking can't proceed with further, along these lines creating monstrous misfortunes for the organization. Illicit Ownership Another serious issue is the unlawful responsibility for. For this situation, the organization may possess the chose land unlawfully and the task will be compelled to stop except if the organization can demonstrate something else. Unlawful Construction Sometimes, there are situations when an organization embraces development with substantial license from the neighborhood enterprise and other higher specialists. In these cases, the venture is compelled to stop except if legitimate grant is given. Utilization of Poor Quality Materials, Construction Breakdown For this situation, because of low quality materials, the development structure might be separate totally. Because of this explanation, lawful hands come into the scene and prevent the undertaking from continuing further. The measure of standard activities is making at an aggravating rate. Relationship in all cases are at eminent danger in view of peril and other true blue results (Osipova and Eriksson 2013). Not a lot of undertakings are acquainted with more certifiable risks from valid issues than the headway business. Improvement business is passed through authentically limiting methodologies that incidentally acknowledges talk about (Dainty and Loosemore 2013). Claims and question have been perseveringly on the move for a huge timeframe. A case is a mentioning by a temporary worker for extra pay or time development for events past the definitive master's control. The legitimate worker must display ability and measure the related harms. Ideal notification of case in the wake of finding sway is required. The owner has a pledge to give worthy, careful information to the bidders, and is obligated to the constructor when wrong information are given, additional things make in context of inappropriate st ructure, or the diagram is all around changed after the comprehension is stepped (helpful change). Change in growth and separating or abrupt site conditions are legitimization for a case. The differing sorts of cases combine suspension/disrupting impact, additional work cases, extending speed, impossible likelihood of-execution, inadequate format (slip up or oversight), impedance, and unparalleled learning claims. The business keeps looking for less ineffectively masterminded procedures for choosing common contention and settling claims. The inspiration is to decrease costs by sensibly choosing issues before they form into arraignment (Dainty and Loosemore 2013). Elective request assurance (ADR) hones have been utilized with some achievement. ADR techniques meld plan, consideration, intervention, impartial helpers, and Dispute Review Boards (DRB). ADR has shown stunning worth in choosing issues as indicated by the general inclination of the two sides. By and by, once in a while arra ignment is unavoidable. It is regularly unfortunate, yet every so often the best methodology for complete assurance (Aminbakhsh, Gunduz and Sonmez 2013). Cases when everything is said in done are ghastly for the business. Every get-together should work to diminish the rehash and noteworthiness of cases. The task administrator acknowledge a focal part in cases maintaining a strategic distance from and assurance. Cases evasion starts in the pre-improvement organize; a period with the best potential to impact cost. An endless pace of cases could be maintained a strategic distance from by making expansive, positive, contract reports (Harris and McCaffer 2013). Preconstruction claims evasion requires real report and constructability diagrams. Cautious idea ought to be given to the progression means and frameworks amidst the structure stage. Plots ought to permit improvement utilizing the staggering techniques and gear, choose a degree of workmanship obvious with the method of the task, a nd not require the constructor to anticipate that dedication in respects should data that ought to be prepared by the originator. 7 Specifications ought to be fundamental and direct, obviously conveying what is run of the mill. venture chief responsibility amidst preconstruction audits is important. The constructor must have an indisputable comprehension of affirmation necessities before publicizing (Aminbakhsh, Gunduz and Sonmez 2013). Keys to keeping up an indispensable partition from cases amidst progress unite extraordinary authoritative procedures, clear correspondence, and promising looking at. Wellbeing Issues During the course of the task, a few security issues emerge. In enormous development ventures, security issues are identified with the on location laborers just as the local occupants (Harris and McCaffer 2013). In huge development ventures, because of characteristic risks or development disappointment, the structure may get obliterated taking existences of an enormous number of close by occupants, people on foot and on location laborers. Security Issues Security issues in development ventures are primarily identified with the security of the on location laborers and the development materials and properties. Building destinations are straightforward concentrations for the nearby hoodlums; the high estimation of plant and equipment can incite lively and basic advantage for the viable lawbreaker. Dependent upon domain, each site will have its own specific issues of concern. Building locales are at risk to different threats, against which security should be associated by the site chairman. These fuse theft, vandalism and cognizant damage and psychological oppression. Robbery is normal. The high estimation of advancement plant and materials and the method of an improvement site, with its predictable change and improvement make this bad behavior tempting for the enterprising, and furthermore the intentionally masterminded bad behavior. Vandalism is moreover customary and may occur as a delayed consequence of political or business stresses regarding the guilty parties likewise of thoughtless want for mischief and obliteration. Fear mongering is possibl

Internet Risk Essay

Web Risks and Our Response 1)Introduction As our general public turns out to be progressively urban, and life gets feverish and occupied for the two guardians and youth, the young people face a bigger number of issues of advancement than previously. Distance, forlornness, misery become progressively pervasive. Numerous young people likewise approach the web. With the prepared accessibility of broadband, and for the most part an improvement in the media communications industry, particularly in the urban zones (somewhat due to the government’s push to draw in ventures and business for MSC), web dangers which were again common in the West or the more innovatively propelled countries are upon our adolescents in Malaysia. 1 2)Current Trends a)Information Explosion The appearance of the World Wide Web has made an enormous bank of data. Anyway since it is uncensored and un-directed, anybody can post any sort of data and assets on the web. Sex entertainment has become the scourge of this data age. )Correspondence Revolution Other than messages, web visits, texting, the adolescents are presently into partaking in informal communities like â€Å"Friendster† and into on-line journaling on â€Å"Web-logs†, all the more prevalently known as â€Å"Blogs†. It is additionally not irregular for them to utilize â€Å"on-line d ating† administrations. Spaming, web-tormenting, web-embarrassments, hacking and digital legends have become genuine dangers because of unchecked utilization of web specialized devices. c)Information Exchange There are likewise numerous new sorts of newsgroups, clubs, release sheets which are begun the web where individuals trade data. Likewise, there are many distributed stages for trade of records and data that can by-pass the web however are still particularly part of the way of life of information wise young people (e. g. in lodgings, schools and colleges). These distributed systems can become rearing justification for treacherous data just as erotic entertainment d)Gamming society Computer games have developed extraordinarily from DOS based games to vivified games to what is currently known as Role Playing Games. With the accessibility of broadbands, Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPG) are the most recent rage. With such games, you can play with a wide range of individuals, everywhere throughout the world, regardless of national or land limits and time-zones. e)Telecommunications Industry Convergence With scaling down and the coming of incorporated media communications gadget (smaller than usual PC and phone), both the advantages of the web just as the dangers have gotten considerably progressively portable and increasingly quick. 3)Risks a)Surfing Time Waster Pornography introduction and compulsion b)Chats, Instant Messaging Safety Issues, dangers of hijacking and assault. c)Chats, Instant Messaging, Games Isolation and estrangement, ack of self-assurance, have low confidence, need social aptitudes, powerlessness to relate steadily social and mental impairment results d)Games Most basic mainstream games are dull, cultic, evil, childish, sexy and fierce. Dependence on desire, viciousness, mysterious and game culture, disarray results absence of sound true turn of events, misshaped viewpoint of this present reality.

Montgomery

Montgomery Montgomery, city (1990 pop. 187,106), state capital and seat of Montgomery co., E central Ala., near the head of navigation on the Alabama River just below the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, and in the rich Black Belt ; inc. 1819. It is an industrial city and an important market center for lumber and agricultural goods, especially livestock and dairy products. There are stockyards and meatpacking plants. Manufactures include motor vehicles and vehicle parts, commercial fertilizer, furniture, air conditioning and heating units, food items, and paper. Montgomery became the state capital in 1847 and boomed as a river port and cotton market. The city has been called the Cradle of the Confederacy. In the capitol building (erected 1857) the convention met (Feb., 1861) that formed the Confederate States of America. Jefferson Davis was inaugurated president on the capitol steps, and the city served as the Confederate capital until the seat was moved to Richmond in May, 1861. The city was occupied by Union troops in the spring of 1865. During the civil-rights movement in the 1950s and 60s, Montgomery was marked by demonstrations led by Martin Luther King , Jr., who was a minister there in the mid-1950s. In Dec., 1955, African Americans organized a nonviolent boycott of the segregated public bus system; by the following year a desegregation edict regarding public transportation was issued. Racial unrest ensued in the 1960s. The city is the seat of Alabama State Univ., a campus of Auburn Univ., Southern Christian Univ., and Huntingdon College. Maxwell Air Force Base, adjoining the city on the northwest, and its Gunter Annex, on the northeast, are the home of Air Univ. In addition to the historic state capitol, points of interest in Montgomery include the first White House of the Confederacy (built c.1825), preserved as a Confederate museum; a planetarium; a museum of fine arts; the state archives and history museum; many antebellum homes and buildings; the Civil Rights Memorial by Maya Lin ; and the Legacy Museum and National Memorial for Peace and Justice and other civil rights museums. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

African American Struggle for Freedom - 2198 Words

African-American Struggle for Freedom Beverly Garrett Axia College In the early nineteenth century, the African American went from slavery to the struggle for freedom. They had to do several activities in order to survive. Even though food affected the lifestyle during slavery, with religion, soul food like greens, and hamburger meat was prepared and grown to help families survive. There were several kinds of slaves during the nineteenth century. The African Americans were the most popular among all the slaves and had the hardest time for survival. They reported in mid-2003 that today: Millions of men, women and children around the world are forced to†¦show more content†¦Many American cuisines are derived from the slang phrase â€Å"soul food,† meaning a selection of foods and are the traditional cuisine of African American of the Southern United States and of black communities. Slave owners fed their chattel as cheaply as possible, often with throwaway foods fro m the plantations, forcing the slaves to make do with the ingredients at hand. Most slaves’ vegetables were the tops of turnips, beets, and dandelions. Later the slaves were cooking new types of greens: Collards, Kale, Mustard, and Pokeweed. The slaves also used lard, discarded cuts of meats like oxtails, ham hocks, chitterlings (pig small intestines), and skins to give the greens a better taste. There was little waste in the African American kitchen. If there were leftover fish they would make croquettes. Stale bread became bread pudding and each part of the pig had its own special dish. They even used the juice from the greens to have with cornbread, which made gravy. In the nineteenth century, most African American began to use hamburger meat as an American cuisine to make hamburgers, meat loaf and hamburger sausage sandwiches. The first American hamburger was a delicacy from beef called hamburger beef sausage sandwiches. This sandwich received its name from an England me n name Hannah Glasse. Hannah Glasse called it, â€Å"Hamburg Steak,† which became very famous. Today one can find hamburgers everywhere in America from a variety of restaurants. The firstShow MoreRelatedFreedom? Explores And Examines The African American Struggle1398 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom? explores and examines the African American struggle in their quest for freedom and the many ways that it has taken form. Webster dictionary defines freedom as the â€Å"quality or state of being free†, but freedom can mean so much more. For the African-American community after slavery was abolished, they faced a time when they were technically free, no one controlled their day to day activities, or forced them back into cotton fields, but were they actually free? 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The Best Topic for Presentation Cover Up

The Best Topic for Presentation Cover Up A History of the Best Topic for Presentation Refuted You're responsible for the story. Now you're worried and are likely to shell out too much of your creative time hoping to select the most suitable topic and not rehearsing your presentation. Wherever you're, while it is an educational presentation or a PPT on your business report till you present the things in a limpid way no will take interest within it. Do not look over your watch. It's freely available for anybody who owns a post mac 2013. This question is an enjoyable approach to both converse and fantasize at the exact same moment. The very best advice, however, is to just locate an interesting method to broach everyday questions. The issue is that you have an excessive amount of alternative. The Hidden Secret of the Best Topic for Presentation The Topic Maps standard doesn't restrict the set of concepts that may be represented as topics at all. Key points are expressed in the shape of self-explanatory graphical representations. Topics may be used to symbolize a concept that doesn't have its very own unique URI. You need a theme selected from before from the themes that you download from the web. the Best Topic for Presentation - Overview There's another link about debate where you are able to learn more. Do a very simple research on the topic to understand how much information is available. You're not required to pick a topic from the accompanyi ng list, but it is going to offer you a good idea of the sorts of topics that are acceptable. To get you started, we've prepared a thorough collection of 100 topics to have you thinking. Picking the right topic is the toughest task about building a presentation. Deciding on a topic is very important. It's also vital that you select a very simple topic that's correct for them. Selecting the ideal topic for a presentation, researching and writing about it's a task that lots of students find quite challenging to do. The conversation will cause a deep topic people value. The more interesting the subject, the more probable it is to reach its audience. When an audience hears a joke they've heard before, subconsciously they feel they've been robbed. It should understand and create a mental picture of the topic or message immediately. What You Should Do About the Best Topic for Presentation Beginning in the Next Five Minutes Now you get your presentation in check. The best presentations place the audience first. Even short presentations want to appear nice. The absolute most well-known presentations are those which have received the most likes and have been viewed more than the other presentations in a specific category. Generally speaking, be proactive and ask precisely what you should cover during your presentation. There's an additional step you may take to make your presentation great. There several ways you may keep presentation entertaining and persuasive. Timing your presentation is additionally the only method to know for sure how much time it will take. the Best Topic for Presentation Fundamentals Explained You're responsible for the speech. The occasion can be celebratory like a success party or the corporation's foundation day, solemn like the retirement of essential personnel of the organization, or upright professional. Tell me about the most fascinating person that you've ever met. During practice, possess the chance to talk in front of others. Want to Know More About the Best Topic for Presentation? Presentation templates are an effective approach to be certain your SlideShare is well-designed. Since SlideShare presentations are viewed online, they may be considered a sort of internet content. As discussed earlier, they can be considered a form of online content. You can make an effective slide presentation for virtually any period of time, if you understand how. Neatly type each point you need to deliver, preferably in 1 slide. It's possible to write anything on such slide and may also alter the background of it to your preferred image. Have an established summary from every slide content in summary form.

Advantages of Credit Cards Free Essays

Throughout history, men invented ingenious ways to solve problems. Some simple, but most will leave a big impact on our future. Men invented trading as means to acquire things that is needed, with another individual who wants what the trader has. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages of Credit Cards or any similar topic only for you Order Now But sometimes, what we want to trade with is not what the tradee wants. So currency is formed. Currency is accumulatable, powerful and can be used to acquire our wants and needs. Currency had been created in many shapes and sizes. When it was first invented, precious metals such as silver and gold chips are the most widely used. But in our modern era, paper currency reigns dominance. As time goes on, men started craving, craving for thing or material objects that only money can buy. And one might not have the funds to buy such things or if that certain desire costs a lot, bringing a whole load of cash with you to the store might not be such a good idea for many reasons. And so the credit card is invented. This small little piece of plastic will leave a big impact on society. There are repercussions of misusing this object but let’s talk about the advantages for now. So what exactly are the advantages of credit cards? BUY TICKETS OR SHOP ONLINE EASILY In modern society, people have found ingenious ways to make acquiring everyday needs or material objects of desired. Grocery shops were invented so that we don’t need to wake up early and go all the way to farms to get fresh food like vegetables, eggs and meat. But what if we want require specific items, something that is not common but it needed as quick as possible. We might go around asking our friends and relatives to acquire those items. How troublesome would that have been, or had been as people actually did this back then. But then, utilizing the power of the internet, people had discovered that they can acquire things that are unusually rare, but is available. Sometimes from a seller from another country. To buy, means to pay. But how do we pay someone from another country? Mailing a wad of cash in an envelope to the seller might not be such a good idea, as mail do get lost from time to time. And so the credit card plays the role in rectifying this problem. Using the credit card we can pay the seller using borrowed funds from the bank and send it to the seller in the form of digital data in which will then be added to the account of the seller and thus the seller is paid. We can acquire things easily from the internet, and now with the usage of credit card,everything we need can be acquired. If it exists, if it is being sold, it can be acquired. It doesn’t matter if it’s in China, New York or timbuctoo. And lets say if something is on sale or your favorite band is having a concert in your hometown but you don’t have enough cash to buy it and if you wait until your pay check to arrive, your opportunity is long gone. Don’t worry your credit card is here to help. Instant currency with just a swipe of the card or a few presses of some numbers and information on the internet. No longer will you have to wait in line at the airport to buy tickets, you get get them through the internet using your credit card in just a few minutes. Nowadays people would rather stay home and shop through the internet than having to endure a long drive to the local mall especially if during the peak hours where there are traffic jams. Sites such as Lazada. com are common shopping websites that welcomes the usage of credit cards. It’s like a virtual mall in which the items bought need not be carried in accumulative quantities to the car park, but is put in a virtual shopping cart and then sent directly onto your doorsteps after the credit card payment has been made. How to cite Advantages of Credit Cards, Papers

Worn Path By Welty Essays (836 words) - Phoenixes In Popular Culture

Worn Path By Welty In Eudora Welty's "A Worn Path" the conflict was not apparent at the very beginning. What was a poor, elderly sick woman doing gallivanting in the forest during the dead of winter? The reason became clear towards the conclusion of the story as the action revealed that the conflict was obtaining the necessary medicine for her grandson. When this conflict became obvious, another question came to mind. What kind of society did this woman live in that she had to go all the way from her home in the countryside to the city by herself to get the medicine? The conflict being illustrated is that of an individual versus society and the four problems that Phoenix faces as a result of this was her old age, her health, her grandson's health and her state of poverty. "Her eyes were blue with age. Her skin had a pattern all its own of numberless branching wrinkles?" (paragraph 2). This quotation was one of many indications of Phoenix Jackson's old age. Normally, in society there are benefits for the elderly and those of the golden age. There are various organizations that help people who are over the age of sixty-five. They also provide various services towards them such as meals on wheels. Was there not someone who could have delivered the medicine to this woman of nearly 100 years of age? Perhaps Phoenix Jackson was too shy or had too much pride to ask for a service of that nature. The doctors from the medical building knew about the condition of Phoenix's grandson and did nothing to try and help. This showed the lack of respect that was present in the society. In today's society, someone of that age commands and deserves the proper respect. "She carried a thin, small cane made from an umbrella, and with this she kept tapping the frozen earth in front of her," (paragraph 1). The next conflict that plagued her is that of her health. In the preceding quotation, there was one important note that readers should take into consideration. The fact that she kept persistently tapping the earth in front of her could only indicate one thing?that she was visually impaired. She may not have been completely blind, but she had to have been substantially impaired to have kept tapping her cane in a redundant manner. Someone who is even remotely visually impaired should not be traveling in the forest. Phoenix also suffered from a problem that often plagues people at an old age. This problem is senility. "But she sat down to rest? She did not dare to close her eyes and when a little boy brought her a plate with a slice of marble-cake on it she spoke to him. "That would be acceptable," she said. But when she went to take it there was just her own hand in the air," (paragraph 15). This was just one out of many instances in the story where Phoenix talked to herself and had hallucinations. Talking to one's self in the forest is a definite sign of senility. Phoenix did not allow her two disabilities to get in her way, but had society cared for her properly she would have been in an institution for the elderly. As for her grandson's health, the readers know that he also, was not doing well. The only pertinent information given was that he "swallowed lye," (paragraph 91). He, also, should have been receiving professional care. An American society in the nineteen forty's did not provide free health care, and that sets up the final conflict, the state of poverty of Phoenix Jackson. "It's Christmas time, Grandma," said the attendant. "Could I give you a few pennies out of my purse?" "Five pennies is a nickel," said Phoenix stiffly," (paragraph 100) This quotation, a conversation between Phoenix and the attendant at the medical building, came after Phoenix had arrived at the doctor's office and had already received her medicine from the attendant. Phoenix was not ashamed to ask for the extra pocket change so that she could buy her grandson a windmill made out of paper. That nickel was the second nickel that she had managed to obtain. The first five cents was basically obtained through theft. She distracted a hunter she had met in the forest so that she could pick up a nickel that he had dropped. Phoenix had no reason to be ashamed of the ten cents that she had acquired through begging and stealing. Her perspective was that society had

Commodore Matthew Perry and the Opening of Japan

Commodore Matthew Perry and the Opening of Japan Commodore Matthew C. Perry was a noted American naval officer in the first half of the 19th century who earned fame for opening Japan to American trade. A veteran of the War of 1812, Perry endeavored to promote and develop steam technology in the U.S. Navy and earned the nickname Father of the Steam Navy. During the Mexican-American War, he directed operations in the Gulf of Mexico and captured several towns along the coast. In 1853, Perry received orders from President Millard Fillmore to force the opening of Japanese ports to American trade. Arriving in the islands the following year, he successfully concluded the Convention of Kanagawa which opened two ports to trade as well as ensured the protection of American sailors and property. Early Life and Career Born at Newport, RI, on April 10, 1794, Matthew Calbraith Perry was the son of Captain Christopher Perry and Sarah Perry. In addition, he was the younger brother of Oliver Hazard Perry who would go on to earn fame at the Battle of Lake Erie. The son of a naval officer, Perry prepared for a similar career and received a warrant as a midshipman on January 16, 1809. A young man, he was assigned to the schooner USS Revenge, then commanded by his older brother. In October 1810, Perry was transferred to the frigate USS President where he served under Commodore John Rodgers. A strict disciplinarian, Rodgers imparted many of his leadership skills to the young Perry. While aboard, Perry took part in an exchange of gunfire with the British sloop-of-war HMS Little Belt on May 16, 1811. The event, known as the Little Belt Affair, further strained relations between the United States and Britain. With the beginning of the War of 1812, Perry was aboard President when it fought an eight-hour running battle with the frigate HMS Belvidere on June 23, 1812. In the fighting, Perry was slightly wounded. War of 1812 Promoted to lieutenant on July 24, 1813, Perry remained aboard President for cruises in the North Atlantic and Europe. That November, he was transferred to the frigate USS United States, then at New London, CT. Part of the squadron commanded by Commodore Stephen Decatur, Perry saw little action as the ships were blockaded in port by the British. Due to these circumstances, Decatur transferred his crew, including Perry, to President which was anchored in New York. When Decatur unsuccessfully attempted to escape the blockade of New York in January 1815, Perry was not with him as he had been reassigned to the brig USS Chippawa for service in the Mediterranean. With the wars end, Perry and Chippawa cruised Mediterranean as part of Commodore William Bainbridges squadron. After a brief furlough in which he worked in the merchant service, Perry returned to active duty in September 1817, and was assigned to the New York Navy Yard. Posted to the frigate USS Cyane in April 1819, as executive officer, he aided in the initial settlement of Liberia. Captain Matthew C. Perry. U.S. Navy History and Heritage Command Fast Facts: Commodore Matthew C. Perry Rank: CommodoreService: U.S. NavyBorn: April 10, 1794 in Newport, RIDied: March 4, 1858 in New York, NYParents: Captain Christopher Perry and Sarah PerrySpouse: Jane SlidellConflicts: Mexican-American WarKnown For: First and Second Battles of Tabasco, Capture of Tampico, Opening Japan Rising Through the Ranks Completing his duty, Perry was rewarded with his first command, the twelve-gun schooner USS Shark. Serving as the vessels captain for four years, Perry was assigned to suppress piracy and the slave trade in the West Indies. In September 1824, Perry was reunited with Commodore Rodgers when he was posted as executive officer of USS North Carolina, the flagship of the Mediterranean Squadron. During the cruise, Perry was able to meet with Greek revolutionaries and the Captain Pasha of Turkish fleet. Before returning home, he was promoted to master commandant on March 21, 1826. Naval Pioneer After moving through a series of shore assignments, Perry went back to sea in April 1830, as the captain of the sloop USS Concord. Transporting the U.S. envoy to Russia, Perry declined an invitation from the czar to join the Russian Navy. Arriving back in the United States, Perry was made second-in-command of the New York Navy Yard in January 1833. Deeply interested in naval education, Perry developed a naval apprentice system and helped establish the U.S. Naval Lyceum for the education of officers. After four years of lobbying, his apprentice system was passed by Congress. During this time he served on the committee that advised the Secretary of the Navy in regard to the U.S. Exploring Expedition, though he declined command of the mission when offered. As he moved through various posts, he remained devoted to education and in 1845, assisted in developing the initial curriculum for the new U.S. Naval Academy. Promoted to captain on February 9, 1837, he was given command of the new steam frigate USS Fulton. A significant advocate for the development of steam technology, Perry conducted experiments to improve its performance and ultimately earned the nickname Father of the Steam Navy. This was reinforced when he founded the first Naval Engineer Corps. During his command of Fulton, Perry conducted the U.S. Navys first gunnery school off Sandy Hook in 1839-1840. On June 12, 1841, he was appointed the Commandant of the New York Navy Yard with the rank of commodore. This was largely due to his expertise in steam engineering and other naval inventions. After two years, he was appointed commander of the U.S. African Squadron and sailed aboard the sloop-of-war USS Saratoga. Tasked with fighting the slave trade, Perry cruised the African coast until May 1845, when he returned home. Second Battle of Tabasco, June 15-16, 1847. Public Domain Mexican-American War With the beginning of the Mexican-American War in 1846, Perry was given command of the steam frigate USS Mississippi and made second-in-command of the Home Squadron. Serving under Commodore David Connor, Perry led successful expeditions against Frontera, Tabasco and Laguna. After returning to Norfolk for repairs in early 1847, Perry was given command of the Home Squadron and aided General Winfield Scott in the capture of Vera Cruz. As the army moved inland, Perry operated against the remaining Mexican ports cities, capturing Tuxpan and attacking Tabasco. USS Mississippi (1841). U.S. Navy Opening Japan With the end of the war in 1848, Perry moved through various shore assignments before being returned to Mississippi in 1852, with orders to prepare for a voyage to the Far East. Instructed to negotiate a treaty with Japan, then closed to foreigners, Perry was to seek an agreement which would open at least one Japanese port to trade and would secure the protection of American seamen and property in that country. Departing Norfolk in November 1852, Perry proceeded around the Cape of Good Hope and across the Indian Ocean before reaching Shanghai on May 4, 1853. Sailing north with Mississippi, the steam frigate USS Susquehanna, and the sloops-of-war USS Plymouth and Saratoga, Perry reached Edo, Japan on July 8. Met by Japanese officials, Perry was ordered to sail for Nagasaki where the Dutch had a small trading post. Refusing, he demanded permission to present a letter from President Millard Fillmore and threatened to use force if denied. Unable to resist Perrys modern weaponry, the Japanese permitted him to land on the 14th to present his letter. This done, he promised the Japanese that he would return for a response. Commodore Matthew C. Perry lands in Japan, 1854. Public Domain Returning the following February with a larger squadron, Perry was warmly received by Japanese officials who had acquiesced and prepared a treaty that fulfilled many of Fillmores demands. Signed on March 31, 1854, the Convention of Kanagawa ensured the protection of American property and opened the ports of Hakodate and Shimoda to trade. His mission complete, Perry returned home by merchant steamer later that year. Later Life Voted a reward of $20,000 by Congress for his success, Perry embarked on writing a three-volume history of the mission. Assigned to the Efficiency Board in February 1855, his main task was the completion of the report. This was published by the government in 1856, and Perry was advanced to the rank of rear admiral on the retired list. Living in his adopted home of New York City, Perrys health began to fail as he suffered from cirrhosis of the liver due to heavy drinking. On March 4, 1858, Perry died in New York. His remains were moved to Newport, RI by his family in 1866.

Comment, Suggestion, and Feedback

Comment, Suggestion, and Feedback Comment, Suggestion, and Feedback Comment, Suggestion, and Feedback By Maeve Maddox A reader asks about these three words: I was wondering about the differences between comment, suggestion, and feedback. They often seem to be used interchangeably. I would like to know how to use each word appropriately in different contexts.    Here are the relevant definitions of these words in the context of social media: comment noun: a remark or criticism on or upon anything. suggestion noun: an idea or thought suggested, a proposal. feedback noun: information about the result of a process, experiment, etc. The word comment has the broadest application because a comment can contain a suggestion or provide feedback. The comments that follow the posts on this site provide examples of all three terms. Comment Carnival – The word derives from a phrase meaning â€Å"the putting away of flesh†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ as in the fasting from meat as Christians [according to traditional dogma] are supposed to do during Lent. It became an event of feasting and revelry because it’s the last chance for the next 6 weeks to indulge in that delicious pot roast, steak dinner, or other self-gratifications. The reader has added information relating to a post about words derived from a Latin word meaning flesh. This kind of comment enriches the site by expanding the post in a relevant manner. Suggestion Could you also clarify and explain the origins of â€Å"chalk it up†. I’ve also seen â€Å"chock it up† which I assume is an error.   I’ve also heard â€Å"chop it up† in the same context. This reader, in commenting on the post about chock-full, has made a suggestion for a future post. Such suggestions keep me supplied with topics. Feedback I think your spelling of cockeyeed is incorrect.  I think it is spelled cockeyed. (minus one e) Feedback can be positive or negative. Comments that express agreement or appreciation let writers know they’re on the right track with their intended audience. Comments that point out errors or ambiguity enable the writer to improve a published post. NOTE: I like to receive feedback that points out typographical errors by way of email, rather than in the open comments section- and not just to minimize my embarrassment. When the error has been corrected in the post, the comment remains as a distraction to future readers. The figurative use of feedback derives from a technical term relating to electronics: feedback noun: The return of a fraction of the output signal from one stage of a circuit, amplifier, etc., to the input of the same or a preceding stage, â€Å"positive feedback† tending to increase the amplification; â€Å"negative feedback† tending to decrease the amplification. Also, a signal so returned. I’ll take this opportunity to thank my readers for all three- comments, suggestions, and feedback. They are and have been of tremendous benefit to me, as a blogger and as a student of English. Related post: Comment Etiquette Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"The 7 Types of Possessive Case

Oprah Winfrey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oprah Winfrey - Essay Example In spite of a vacuum of formal business plans, she has mostly been successful in all of her endeavors. One of the reasons for her consistent success in the business field is the vision of her business- humanitarian services for the less fortunate. She is considered to be a transformational leader, who has a clear vision and direction for her business. Modern businesses cannot be run without the presence of formal strategic plans and business models since there exists an extensive degree of competition in the prevailing markets. Companies need to formulate effective strategies from analysis of relevant data to survive in the modern markets. Oprah has been able to achieve success without any formal structural planning because her fame and humanitarian attitude have been some of the major drivers of her business. Her successes reaffirm her decision to adopt risk-taking entrepreneurship approach. Her personality and spirit could not have been better reflected in her business if any other approach would have been adopted. Decisions based on gut-feelings suit her unique business needs and vision.

Honeybees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Honeybees - Essay Example Large farms even hire beekeepers to increase the number of bees that will make pollination faster. Another importance of honeybees is that they produce wax which are used in candle and polish making. These facts are not new discovery though. In old walls and caves, pictures of bees were found painted believed to be done thousand years ago (USDOA). Amusingly, while honeybees play important roles in agriculture industry of the United States, they were brought to United States by European colonizers during the early days and not really native of the country. Honey bee is a highly adaptable insect that can live to a wide range of climate and geographic location. It is indigenous and able to adjust to a wide variety of climes and geographic regions. The natural territory of honeybees is the area of Southern Africa to somewhere in Southern Scandinavia, and from continental Europe to West Asia(USDOA). It is the southwestern part of United States and northern Mexico where honeybees are most likely abundant and of different variety. Carl Hayden from Bee Research Center in Tucson, Arizona said that are about 1000 to 1200 species of bees within a one hundred mile radius of Tucson. However, it was found out that neither one is native honeybee. Identified are around 25,000 species of bees and almost 40,000 are in waiting to be listed down. Placing them to specific genus takes time for the entomologists. Unluckily, out of 25,000, 8 to 10 species believed to be honey bees. This number is still growing though because there are lot of identified species already (USDOA). Interestingly, honey bees are classified by strain and not through genus and species. If we say strain, it means place of origin. Most common strains of honey bees currently found in the United States are the Apis mellifera ligustica, the Italian bees, and the Apis mellifera carnica, the Carniolan bees. But science learns to discover on how to interbreed. This practice is brought about by the need to produce more honey and enhance pollination. One considered as most famous attempt at creating such a hybridized line was the crossing of the European lines and the African lines (USDOA). Mating the unassuming but high honey producing European bees to the aggressive African counterparts is the goal of crossing the lines of African and European. It was in 1956 when the test was done by Brazilian researchers hoping that a more hardworking bee will be the result. However they did not succeed. Test result showed that the aggressive traits dominated and in essence veiled the characteristics of the European bees. The conducted test became popular when a worker in the laboratory where the bees were located accidentally removed the screens which kept the queens in their hives (USDOA). Accordingly, around 26 group of the Africanized bees flew. Ever since, the descendants have been moving northward. After 40 years later, African honey bees are found in the southwestern United States. This is causing concerns due to their aggressive nature and capacity to replace the well-known colonies of productive European lines (USDOA). There is a caste system among colonies of bees. The queen ranks at the top of the caste which primary duties are to populate the colony by mating with male honey bees. Directing activities to the workers is another duty of the queen. The queen

Etiology of Substance Abuse

Etiology of Substance Abuse â€Å"Drugs are a bet with your mind.† (Jim Morrison). People start taking drugs by their own choice. In early stages they feel stress-free and euphoric but as life goes on they start getting dependent on it and face difficulty to depart it from their lives. A true feelings and perceptions which abuser has for them are â€Å"I am sick and tired of being known as an addict.† (Arun et al.2004). To live with these perceptions are challenging but to abandon drugs is even more challenging for them. According to (DSM-IV), â€Å"Substance use disorders are now defined as maladaptive patterns of substance use leading to inability to control, use despite significant consequences†. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse (2014), Substance abuse has a lot of effects on society and cause deaths. Use of substance abuse in adolescent, adults and elderly people is creating problem to fulfill their responsibilities and its consequence are very much destructive. According to Annual prevalence of drug use in Pakistan (2012) as cited in UNODC (2013), an expected 5.8 percent of the people in Pakistan utilized illicit substances in the previous 12 months. 11 % of substance utilization was present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 6.5 % of substances used in Sindh and 8.5 % of illicit substances used in Punjab. Substance abuse is referred as terrible deed as it violets societal standards and values by accelerating savage acts. This topic has a huge impact on individual lives, socioeconomic status, health care system and their psychology. Moreover in my clinical rotation, I encounter 25 years old lady being hospitalized for attempt to suicide. During our discussion, she confesse s that her husband is a substance abuser since 2 years and despite the fact she was pregnant, her husband beats him so badly that her baby abort. As this incident touches my heart which endorse me to write about this topic. This paper would profit the readers in a manner especially to those individuals who are indulge in substance abuse so they will know what elements cause substance abuse and how its perilous impacts effects on their lives. It will also talk about, what therapies individuals can approach to depart illicit substances from their lives. Some individuals are at higher risk of substance enslavement. No single variable can anticipate dependence on substance abuse. According to the recent Drug Use in Pakistan Technical Summary Report (2013), â€Å"an estimated 6 ·45 million (5 ·8%) people aged15–64 years in Pakistan used plant-based or synthetic drugs, or prescription drugs for non-medical purposes in the past 12 months†. (pp.2153). Alternately, there are a few causes that make an individual more inclined to it. The etiology of substance abuse in youth is divided into three classes i.e. Familial, Social, and Individual. Familial factors include childhood mal-treatment in which children could have physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect by parents so they grope dismissed and end into substance abusive behavior. According to Whitesell et al. (2013), â€Å"29% of children who experienced maltreatment participating in some level of substance†. (p.3). Additionally if any family member is abusin g drugs in front of child so they imitate same behavior as they perceive parents their role model. Research shown that parental substance abuse increases genetic predisposition for substance use disorder (Dunn et al. 2002). In my opinion parental training plays an essential part in guiding child about substance abuse matters and lack of education can incline a child for substance abuse. Other factors are marital status of parents, child perception that parents approve of their substance use. (Whitesell et al, 2013). Social elements that may include deviant peer relationship in which adolescence joins those gatherings who uses illicit substances. Teenagers who experience childhood in unsteady community conditions are really less vulnerable to deviant peer relationship. (Whitesell et al, 2013). In my opinion individuals affiliate themselves with distinctive gatherings and they imagine that utilizing substances make them popular. Research also supports that youths who classify themselves as famous have indicated to have expanded predominance of substance utilization when contrasted with those who dont recognize themselves† (Whitesell et al, 2013). According to Taylor et al. (2009), bulling is related to substance abuse behavior. 12 % individuals who suffered from bulling experienced life time use of alcohol. (Taylor et al, 2009). There are many individual factors that end up in substance abuse. One of them is depression; it encompasses feelings of sadness, pain, despair, or anger. In my opini on people use to abuse substances to cope from depression but it is also as vice versa because after usage of drugs depression cans occur. According to shafiq et al. (2006), In Pakistan 65% can lead depression I have seen many people in my community who are using illicit drugs because they feel that drugs can alleviate their stressful feelings. Transition of individual from adolescence to young, middle and older adult hood has increases burden in everyday life. Life stressors like financial burden, loss of job and poverty may trigger the use of illicit substances. According to Drug Abuse Master Plan (2010-2014), â€Å"In Pakistan 32 % of the opioid users were unemployed in the past six months† (p.7). People with mental problems also suffered from substance abuse problems. Research suggests that about 50 % of the individuals with psychiatric issues likewise experience the substance abuse problem. (chrome et al., 2009). Substance abuse has a lot of devasting impacts on abusers lives. They can be divided in to three domains i.e. physically, socially and psychologically. Physical impacts are, as abusers use syringes for administration of drugs and due to lack of syringes they apply contaminated syringes on each other which make them vulnerable to blood borne diseases like HIV and hepatitis C. As study also supported that, In Pakistan73% people uses same syringes as there more syringes are not available. (UNODC, 2013). High risk sexual behaviors are observed among drug abusers i.e. un- protected sex which leads to further sexually transmitted disease i.e. In Pakistan â€Å"36% reported having sex with those clients who are HIV positive†. (UNODC, 2013). As drugs impact our central nervous system so it causes different psychological impacts like anxiety in which people have feeling of uneasiness and disturbance in sleep is also common. Substance abuser can suffer from different mood disorders like bipolar disorder. According to moal et al. (2007), Study has revealed that more or less 35% of addicts met lifetime criteria for a mood issue and 45% for an anxiety issue. Substance abuser also suffers from aggression. (Moal et al. 2007). There are many social impacts of substance abuse. In my opinion Isolation can be one of them and on the other hand, absence of acknowledgement from society additionally makes them evade social collaborations. As I have observe in my community that couples fighting is very common and it can further cause separation. Usually people indulge themselves in so much addicted behaviors so they lose their jobs and financial burden increases. According to Angres et al. (2008), Substance abuse negatively impacts public safety, reduces workers, productivity, and contributes to higher healthcare costs, premature deaths, and disability. (pp.696).Abusers have risky behaviors which also detoriate their health. Prendergast (2009) affirms that substance abusers are involved in different criminal acts. Generally individuals crave for drugs and to satisfy their need they involved in criminal acts like robbery so they can purchase their drugs. Leisure et al, (2007) affirms that drug abusers are usually involve in gambling which increases financial burden. In substance abuse relapse is commonest among individuals. According to yaqub (2013), â€Å"Studies have revealed that the relapse rate in Pakistan is around 90%†. In theory brain reward mechanism in which addictive substances trigger brain reward circuit which in turn initiate certain behaviors. The effects of these abusive drugs on mesolimbic dopaminergic system are very serious and associated with creating rewarding effects. If this system does not work properly so it may create certain addictive properties. Dopamine expands extracellular; focus overriding the control of motivated and objective regulated behavior, which motivates them to take drugs. Certain medications are known to alter dopamine discharge and reuptake which modify reward system and increases uptake and relapse. (Eps et al. 2012). The congnitive behavior model of relapse tells about the high risk situations in which person is prone to have relapsed. He describe eight categories like how person interact with different people (â€Å"affect, coping, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies†) and certain environmental factors like (â€Å"asses to drugs, cue exposure and society influence†). It depend on individual that how he cope with these situations and it depend on him whether he uses substances or not. If individual decided and involve in substance abuse so they may suffer from AVE (Abstinence violation effect). AVE includes two things one affective response, in which person feels embarrassed and disgrace because he thinks he is responsible for this and second is cognitive domain which is based on attributional therapy, in which person perceived that this lapse is due to my personal factor and I cannot control them so he may have greater chances of relapse and if he thinks that it happens because of external factor and I can control it so relapse chances are deceased. (Marlatt and Witkiewitz, 2007). On my clinical I have encounter patient 15 years old with relapse of substance abuse. He verbalized me that he had left substance abuse for 3 months but because it was easily available and my friends influenced him so he took drugs and end up in relapse. If we related it to cognitive therapy of relapse environmental factors influence him to end up in relapse which created feeling of guilt and embarrassment It is recommended that government should arrange certain awareness programs on substance abuse. Not only have that media played vital role in substances promotion so government should band those advertisement. Government should create certain institutions and build certain rehabilitation centers in community which are in reasonable cost. More over certain therapies can help patient to quit substance abuse .These therapies are : In Motivational enhancement therapy, counseling approach is used and attempts to modify the behavior of substance abusers. MET is derived from Trans theoretical Model of Change. In this model counselor tend to change person behavior by five levels. In first level of Precontemplation individual does not consider his/her behavior problematic and don’t try to change it. In level two Contemplation people consider his challenging and think to modify it. In third level Preparation, person in this stage plans for a particular change. They assess and select measures for behavioral change. Another level is Action; in which individual is modify his behavior. The last level is maintenance in which individual try to maintain his new behavior and try to adjust new behavior in his surroundings. (Prochaska et al, 1992). Contingency Management Therapies is based on operant conditioning which was proposed by skinners in which desire behavior is achieved by reward and punishment. The positive behavior which have given reward will be more likely to repeat for example when client has positive behavior so we can provide different gifts and voucher and if undesirable behavior exist so punishment should be there. (Carroll onken, 2005). Moreover with therapies we can likewise provide certain interventions. Substance abuse is a problem which cant drive away instantly and it requires significant time for individual to recuperate from it. At community level we can take some measures to prevent substance abuse. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse, you have to develop a community plan in which the first step is â€Å"Assessment†. In assessment we will identify the population who are abusers and who are at risk for becoming abusers like people with low- economic status. In second step is â€Å"Build† we will try to identify resources for example we need for different awareness programs in community. Than third we will build â€Å"Short term goals† than after achieving short term goals we will run projects and simultaneously observe efficacy of preventive plan. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse affirms that Family-based preventive projects ought to strong family attachment and con nections examining and uses different family approaches to alleviate on substance abuse. In conclusion substance abuse is tremendously common issue among individuals. There are numerous reasons which are responsible for substance abuses in youth are familial, social and individual factors. As Age progresses, the risk of consumption of substances in adults also increases. The reasons behind substance abuse in adults are unemployment, poverty, traumatic events and any psychiatric problem. Substance abuse has a considerable amount of negative impacts physically, socially and psychologically. Even after treatment, some individuals again end up with state of relapse. Cognitive behavior therapy of relapse tells us about the risk factors that lead relapse. Some more therapies like motivational enhancement therapy and contingency Management Therapies help us to modify behavior of substance abusers. In my opinion we can develop insight in abusers and can modify their behavior. I would like to end up with quotation â€Å"Addiction should never be treated as a crime. It has to be treated as a health problem†. (Ralph Nader).

Authority Essay

Define the term â€Å"authority.† What does it mean to be authoritative, and how do you go about establishing whether a source is, indeed, credible? Why is it important to not only invite authorities to speak in your writing, but also to establish your own authority as you write? Authority by definition: the power to give orders or make decisions, or the power or right to direct or control someone or something, or the confident quality of someone who knows a lot about something or who is respected or obeyed by other people (Merriam-Webster, 2010). Figures of authority are extraordinarily significant to the credibility within any paper. Including citation from members of society with an advanced skill set will not only solidify proposed ideas, but can also aid in swaying an argument (Ballenger, 17). Valid credibility can go a long way in improving the impact a piece makes on its reader. While it is important to include factual information of the writer’s proposed idea, it is equally important to establish a voice within the piece. Each article of information that comes from a professional standpoint can be a stepping stone towards the finished product of the writer’s work. Weaving an authoritative voice simultaneously strengthens the paper as well as the validity of the writer’s work. Lastly, citing authoritative individuals in a piece will grant the permission of their facts without sending the writer towards plagiarism. Although it is often unintentional, plagiarism happens quite frequently. It is imperative to the writer that citations of an authority figure (ie: scholars, researchers, critics, or specialists) are included in their piece to ensure the professionalism of their message can be brought to light using convincing sources.

About Katharine Lee Bates Educator, Poet, Scholar

Katharine Lee Bates, a poet, scholar, educator, and writer, is known for writing America the Beautiful lyrics.  Shes also known, though less widely, as a prolific poet and for her scholarly works of literary criticism, A professor of English and head of the English Department at Wellesley College who had been a student there in her earlier years, Bates was a pioneer faculty member helping build Wellesleys reputation and thereby the reputation of womens higher education.  She lived from August 12, 1859, to March 28, 1929. Early Life and Teaching Her father, a Congregational minister, died when Katharine was less than a month old. Her brothers had to go to work to help support the family, but Katharine was given an education. She received her B.A. from Wellesley College in 1880. She wrote to supplement her income. Sleep was published by The Atlantic Monthly during her undergraduate years at Wellesley. Bates teaching career was the central interest of her adult life. She believed that through literature, human values could be revealed and developed. America the Beautiful A trip to Colorado in 1893 and the view from Pikes Peak inspired Katharine Lee Bates to write the poem, America the Beautiful, which was published in The Congregationalist two years after she wrote it. The Boston Evening Transcript published a revised version in 1904, and the public adopted the idealistic poem quickly. Active Involvements Katharine Lee Bates helped found the New England Poetry Club in 1915 and served for a time as its president, and she was involved in a few social reform activities, working for labor reform and planning the College Settlements Association with Vida Scudder. She was raised in the Congregational faith of her ancestors; as an adult, she was deeply religious but could not find a church in whose faith she could be certain. Partnership Katharine Lee Bates lived for twenty-five years with Katharine Coman in a committed partnership that has sometimes been described as a romantic friendship. Bates wrote, after Coman died, So much of me died with Katharine Coman that Im sometimes not quite sure whether Im alive or not. Background, Family Mother: Cornelia Frances Lee, teacher, a graduate of Mount Holyoke Seminary (later known as Mount Holyoke College)Father: William Bates, Congregational minister, studied at Middlebury College, Vermont, and Andover Theological Seminary, MassachusettsKatharine Lee Bates was the youngest daughterCompanion: Katharine Coman (professor at Wellesley, died 1915)Children: none Education Wellesley College, A.B. 1880Oxford 1889-90Wellesley, A.M. 1891 Bibliography Sherr, Lynn. America the Beautiful: The Stirring True Story Behind Our Nations Favorite Song. 2001.  Sunshine and Other Verses for Children - 1890America the Beautiful and Other Poems - 1911Retinue and Other Poems - 1918Burgess, D. W. B. - 1952 biographyYounger, Barbara. Purple Mountain Majesties: The Story of Katharine Lee Bates and America the Beautiful. Illustrated by Stacey Shuett. Grades 3-5.  America the Beautiful. Illustrated by Neil Waldman. Ages 4-8.  America the Beautiful. Illustrated by Wendell Minor.  America the Beautiful Illustrated by Chris Gall. Grades 1-7.

Who Invented the Yo-Yo

D. F. Duncan Sr. was the co-patent holder of a four-wheel hydraulic automobile brake and the marketer of the first successful parking meter. He was also the genius behind the first premium incentive where you sent in two cereal box tops and received a toy rocket ship. However, Duncan is best known for being responsible for promoting the first great yo-yo fad in the U.S. History Duncan was not the inventor of the yo-yo; they have been around for over twenty-five hundred years. In fact, the yo-yo is considered the second oldest toy in history, the oldest being the doll. In ancient Greece, the toy was made of wood, metal and terra cotta. The Greeks decorated the two halves of the yo-yo with pictures of their gods. As a right of passage into adulthood Greek children often gave up their toys and placed them on the family altar to pay homage. Around 1800, the yo-yo moved into Europe from the Orient. The British called the yo-yo the bandalore, quiz, or the Prince of Wales toy. The French used the name incroyable or lemigrette. However, it is a Tagalog word, the native language of the Philippines, and means come back. In the Philippines, the yo-yo was used as a weapon for over 400 hundred years. Their version was large with sharp edges and studs and attached to thick twenty-foot ropes for flinging at enemies or prey. Pedro Flores People in the U.S. started playing with the British bandalore or yo-yo in the 1860s. It was not until the 1920s that Americans first heard the word yo-yo. Pedro Flores, a Philippine immigrant, began manufacturing a toy labeled with that name. Flores became the first person to mass-produce toy yo-yos, at his small toy factory located in California. Donald Duncan Duncan saw the Flores toy, liked it, bought the rights from Flores in 1929, and then trademarked the name Yo-Yo. Duncans first contribution to yo-yo technology was the slip string, consisting of a sliding loop around the axle instead of a knot. With this revolutionary improvement, the yo-yo could do a trick called sleep for the first time. The original shape, first introduced to the U.S., was the imperial or standard shape. Duncan introduced the butterfly shape, a design that reverses the halves of a traditional imperial yo-yo. The butterfly allowed the player to catch the yo-yo on the string easily, good for certain tricks. Donald Duncan also worked out a deal with the newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst to get free advertising in Hearts newspapers. In exchange, Duncan held competitions and the entrants were required to bring a number of new subscriptions for the newspaper as their entry fee. The first Duncan Yo-Yo was the O-Boy Yo-Yo Top, the toy with a big kick for all ages. Duncans massive factory produced 3,600 of the toys every hour making the factorys hometown of Luck, Wisconsin the Yo-Yo Capital of the World. Duncans early media blitzes were so successful that in Philadelphia alone, three million units sold during a month-long campaign in 1931. In general, yo-yo sales went up and down as often as the toy. One story tells how after a market dip in the 1930s the Lego company was stuck with a huge inventory, they salvaged the unsold toys by sawing each yo-yo in half, using them as wheels on toy trucks and cars. Yo-yo sales reached its highest peak in 1962 when Duncan Yo-Yo sold 45 million units. Unfortunately, this 1962 hike in sales led to the end of Donald Duncans Company. Advertising and production cost far outstripped even the sudden increase in sales revenues. Since 1936, Duncan experimented with parking meters as a sideline. Over the years, the parking meter division grew to become Duncans main moneymaker. This and bankruptcy made it easier for Duncan to finally cut the strings and sell his interest in the yo-yo.The Flambeau Plastic Company bought the name Duncan and all the companys trademarks, they began producing their line of all plastic yo-yos soon after. The yo-yo continues today, its latest honor is being the first toy in outer space.